How light behaves
When light passes down an optical fibre, it continues to travel in straight lines – until it hits the mirror-like side of the fibre and bounces off. It then travels in a straight line again until it bounces off another part of the fibre wall. Because of the angle of reflection, the light cannot go back on itself so it must always go in the same direction, bouncing its way along until it reaches the end. Various things affect the way the light is transmitted – including the quality of the original light source, the exact composition of the transmitting fibre, and the material used for the walls of the fibre. Each of these qualities must be understood in order to predict what the light will do under differing circumstances.
What sort of equipment do you need?
To send a flash or 'pulse' of light along an optical fibre you need something to generate the light in the first place. You could use a hand-held torch but this would be very slow and inefficient. The optical fibre communications network uses lasers to generate a suitable light source. Lasers can produce very tightly focused pulses of light – and they can do it many times a second. The pulses are then picked up at the other end of the fibre by a light-sensitive cell which can convert the pulses of light into pulses of electricity. These pulses of electricity are then fed into a computer and decoded to reveal the message.
Using the flashes of light to carry a message
Simply flashing messages down an optical fibre on the 'one flash for yes, two flashes for no' principle would take a very long time. So, complex digital codes have been worked out to take advantage of the very high speed and volume of data that can be sent through an optical fibre. Using a standard commercial system, it is possible to send the entire contents of the 32 volumes of the Encyclopaedia Britannica through an optical connection in less than one second! In fact, using a combination of codes, many messages can be sent along an optical fibre at the same time.
In many ways, optical fibre systems work in the same way as electrical cables but they are cheaper, more reliable and much, much faster.
Optical fibres are now used in many telecommunications systems, so the next time you pick up a phone to speak – or use a computer modem to send a message – you may well be using an optical fibre system to do it.
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Google on Monday announced a widely expected open-development platform for mobile devices backed by industry heavyweights like T-Mobile, HTC, Qualcomm and Motorola that could shake the wireless market to its core by simplifying and reducing the cost of developing mobile applications. The platform, called Android, has been developed by Google and others as part of the Open Handset Alliance, which has over 30 partners supporting it. The goal of this ambitious initiative is to spur innovation in the mobile space and accelerate improvements in how people use the Web via cell phones. The open-source platform will have a complete set of components, including an operating system, middleware stack, customizable user interface and applications.
The first Android-based phones should hit the market in the second half of 2008. The platform will be made available under an open-source license that will give a lot of flexibility to those who adopt it to modify its components and design services and products, Google said. Other founding members of the alliance include Broadcom, eBay, China Mobile, Intel, LG Electronics, NTT DoCoMo, Nvidia, Samsung, Sprint Nextel, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, Texas Instruments and Wind River. Noticeably absent from the list is traditional Google ally Apple, whose popular iPhone might see its innovation lead cut sooner than expected thanks to this Google effort. It looks we will see Google products everywhere sooner or later…
Source: PC World, Computerworld, releaselog
Interactive art is a form of art that involves the spectator in some way that experience the reality. Some objects achieve this by letting the observer walk in, on, and around the piece. Digital art are highly interactive. Sometimes viewers are able to navigate through a virtual environment.
Interactive art can be distinguished from Generative art,Electronic art or Immersion art in that it is a dialog between the piece and the participant;. In contrast, Generative Art tends to be a monologue -- the artwork may change or evolve in the presence of the viewer, but the viewer may not be invited to engage in the reaction but "merely" enjoy it.
In terms of the creation of agency, unique interface design, electronic artists are at the forefront of the artistic exploration of interactivity. Such artists have been early adopters of new interfaces and techniques for obtaining user input (such as dog vision, alternative sensors, voice analysis, etc.); new forms and tools for information display (such as video projection, lasers, robotic and mechatronic actuators, etc.); new modes for human-human and human-machine communication (through the Internet and other telecommunications networks); and new social contexts for interactive systems (including but not limited to utilitarian tools, formal experiments, games and entertainment, social critique, and political liberation).Interactive art also can used to virtually restore ancient artifacts.
